SUММARIES
Alexander Tсhernik
DEFAМATION OF сOATS OF ARМS IN ТНЕ MIDDLE AGES
Defamation of сoats of arms was as visual and publiс as heraldry itself. Sinсe the 13th сentury
one s physiсal death was visualised Ьу turrung the shi
ld w 1th the arn is ups 1de down. The same
method sиbversio armorиm was ado
ted for the defamatton of arms w
h emonstrated the soсial
death of its bearer. Publiс defamatton of arms was а p
rt of а deno ilisatton сeremony, at whiсh
а symboliс funeral showed the person was dead for soсiety. Along w 1th that the defamation сould
Ье сonduсted through ро Ыасk paint over
shield, throwing it onto the earth, dragging it,
trampling on iс or performmg other shammg aсttvittes.
In the beginning of the 14th сentury the defamation of arms turned into а penalty for treason
and perjury. In the 1Sth с.entнry rubversio armorиm was сombined with e x eсutio in ejfigie. It was also
the time of appearanсe of infamant letters whiсh mostly reсorded сivil disputes between debtors, сreditors and guarantors. Defamation in suсh letters was done in applianсe not only to the
shield, but to the man himself, so it was no longer а heraldiс punishment, but an important means
of soсial interaсtion.
Trans ated Ьу Alexander Tсhernik
Daria Ryzhova
ENGLISH THIRТEENTH сENTURY ROLLS OF ARМS,
сRADLE OF FRENсH BLAZON
The bulk of extant thirteenth сentury armorials is written in various dialeсts of Old Frenсh,
however the data they сontain a w us to assign them as either English or Frenсh Beside the
faсt that the English ones сonstitute an absolute majority, they present more staЫe grammatiсal
сonstruсtions and terminology in Ьlazon, whiсh gives ground to сonсlude that the heraldiс nomenсlature in England had settled muсh earlier. The resu of the researсh suggests that English
heraldry beсame the mover of the blazon development.
Translated Ьу Daria Ryzhova
Кirill Elokhin
FLAGS OF ТНЕ INсAS IN ТНЕ ТIМЕ OF сONQШSTA
The artiсle is dediсated to the existenсe of Inсa flags as suсh, and to the plaсement of some
сoats of arms on them. Were there in faсt both of them Inсa flags had а speсifiс shape, without
providing images on them. Only Ъу the end of the сolonial period on the flags used Ьу the Inсas
there appeared сoats of arms.
Translated 1ЮrШ B okhiil 160
Viktor Mшzin Gundorov q.oл r OF ARМS OF ТНЕ BESТUZНEV RYUМIN F сЮСИ J N ТНЕ NEсROPOLIS OF ТНЕ NEw JER ЛМП,у ARISTOсRAnс 1В USALEM RES MONASТERY URREсПON
V Aut study into the origins of the сoat of arms of th В
th li f th
е estuzhev RV 11n.in f
ь сh frotn е neсropo s о е New Jerus em n 1amily anstoсratie 1n.esurreсt 1on М
+eworthY regularity suggest mg that this family сoat of ar
onastery has unсovered 11о.О f f th tl d е 1а
ms was under th d finin
of the сoit о arms о eir t 1е r ttves, сounts Bestuzhev Ryumm.
е е influenсe
Т ranslated l J Maria Artamonova
Dmitry Lobanov
rwo солтs OF ARМS FROM ТНЕ BASEМENT OF ТНЕ DONS
GREAT САТНЕDRЛL
КОУ MONASТERY
Тhе artiсle foсuses on the desсription of two сoats of arms fr th Ь
с th dral
om е asement of the Donskoy
Monastery Great а е one om the tomb of Lieutenant General Мikhail Potemkin 17 44 179 1brought to the Donskoy Monastery from the St Niсholas сhurсh 111th vi f Nik l
d th th f. 1
е ge о о skoeJ o 1сhсvo, an е о
e
r ormer у belo to сavalry General Alexey vaysky d. 1797 still
preserved on the survivmg fragment of his tomb.
Translated l J Maria Artamonova
Sergey Beletsky
ЛNсIENT RUSSIAN HERALDIс PENDANTS OF ТНЕ 10th 11th сENТURIES IМAGES, сLASSIFIсATION, сHRONOLOGY
Anсient Russian heraldiс pendants are objeсts made of metal silver, silver with gilding, сopper
a ys or bone, of trapezoid or similar shape. These small objeсts bear images of insignia сoats
of arms of Russian prinсes of the 10th 11th сenturi.es Ьidents and tridents displayed on one
or Ьoth sides, alongside with piсtorial signs of individual types а flag, an auroсhs hom, а sword hammer, а sword spear, an anсhor, а bird At the moment, over 60 suсh objeсts are known see tаЫе
Metal pendants served as сredentials of the prinсe s offiсials. Bone pendants were сhildren s toys.
Translated Ьу Maria Artamonova
Dmitry Kopelev
AILEGORIсAL IМAGES OF РЕТЕR ТНЕ GREAT AS сOМPONENT
OF IМPERIAL МУТНОLОGУ IМAGE OF NEPТUNE с f р th G t visual imjl ae of and
Тhе artiсle analyses general ttends ш the 1ormauon о eter е rea s
Ыs glorifiсation as maritime ruler. Тhе author foсuses on the matters related to R
s5 1a 5 p
erial
Ыstожу and viewed through the allegoriсal symbolism of ttiumphal arсhes, engravшgs, paшtшgs, 16 1
SUMMЛltШS сonсlusions gсographieal
m.aps, mсdals and drawings. is known that а variety of Ьо d d f Е h syrn 1s wa used to promote and establish еsце unages о uropean monare s, thus ereatin th s h 1f ь е saсral ащ
of power. Petrine Russia was по exeeptюn to t е emp oyment о suсh means of ideol
а
di th ul ogiсal influ
елее. But the overall Baroque tra tюn w 11ts paneg
ynс е og ies, tropes and empha 1с R 11с 1Ilterest in emЫсms and allegories took some very ее eenс xorms 1n ussia. As the Russian Ernpir d f 1h а 11е was be 1n
estaЫishсd as manwnс pow
r, the pn е
о р ас.е с eg сal sсenarin was given to the fi
of Roman god Neprune, remterpreted 1n the сhrisnan tradiь.on and oссupying а very g 1Inportur ant
plaсe in the forming of the state unage.
Tran.rlated Ьу Maria А ат OnQ la
Lydia Dobrovolskaya
HERALDJс ITEMS FROM ТНЕ PASКEVIсH HOUSE 1N ТНЕ сOLLEсГION
OF ТНЕ STATE HERМITAGE NUМISМATIс DEPARTМENT
The artiсle foсuses on sphragistiс and heraldiс items o ally owned Ьу the Prinсes PaskeviсhErivansky Eriwanski and сurrendy ke
t at the State Hermitage Numismatiс Department. Of speсiaI interest is one of the seals beanng the сoat
f ai ns о с
unt lvan Paskeviсh Erivansky,
Pri.nсe of Warsaw 1782 1856 and а fire sсreen with а wedding сoat of arms of Prinсess a
Paskeviсh Erivanskaya, nee сountess Vorontsova Dashkova 1835 1925 Arсhival doсuments are
used to traсe the history of the aсquisition of these pieсes for the Numismatiс Department orn
the family s St Petersbшg mansion.
Translated У Maria Artamonova
Evgeny Metelkin
HERALDRY ON RSFSR AND USSR POSTAL STAМPS 19 18 194 1
The artiсle is dediсated to the provenanсe of heraldiс insignia, primari y the state сoat of arms,
on the RSFSR and USSR postal stamps between 19 18 and 194 1It traсes the em.ergenсe of heraldiс emЫems, the image of the hammer and siсkle, the abbreviation RSFSR on post.al stamps.
The artiсle analyses the reasons for the late use of the USSR state сoat of arms and ftag, as well as
сoats of arms of Union republiсs, on Soviet postal stamps.
Tramlattd l J м.апа Artamonova
Evgeny Мanzhurin
ТНЕ IМPERIAL 1N ТНЕ SOVIET HERALDIс НERITAGE
OF ТНЕ RUSSIAN EМPIRE 1N SOVIET сI 1Y SYМВOLS 1960s 1980s
Тhе paper disсusses the use of elements of p.re 19 17 herald.ry in Soviet сities em.Ьletna and
сoats of arms after Stalin. Тhе author argues that suсh elements wete employed to сteatt p naginary сontinuity with pre Soviet history. The authors of the new symЬol сrea altetnativt, 1ос 1
visions of spaсe and time in whiсh the Soviet p.resent was not in opposition to the 1rnpetial put
while the new сoats of arms and emЫems сonstituted а сhallenge to t 1m sytnЬoЦс о iaipoмd.
Ьу the сentre.
Trt 11ts ld Ь B,g g 162
о
SUММЛR.Шs
Tatiana llyina GJМENI AL BADGES AND TOКENS FROM ТНЕ МUSEUM y,oRY OF AR l.LERY, ENGINEERING AND SIGNAL ТRОО
OF МILITARY
f J i PS сOLLEсТIONS useum сolleсtio.ns tel 1the story of the emergсn Ье е 1Ь d
се сreano ntroduсtion d е Russian army 1ар а ges and tokens in the l.ate 19th eэ.rl Z0th с
an prov nanсe
of tЬ 1urs of the badges and tokens with marks of У entury. These tnсlude tefсO о hi
supenor approval, sampl Ь dg fr lleсtion of the the С ef lntendanсy, regimental сorresp d
е а es om
t e со с
on enсe сontauung d
tЬ badges and tokens, requests ror theu approval and regulatio с
esсnpnons
f е
ns 1orweanng All of th
0 al how the legtsl.attve arnework for the Russian army lap 1Ь d se tnaten
Js re d
е а ges was formed disсlose the enсe between anntversary an regunental badges whiсh were ffi 11O f dr
an о сia е ement of the atnr щuque сolleсtюn о awшgs of the Mosсow Life Guards Reo irne t la 1Ь d
е.
th f d f
ь n ре а ge makes
itPossiЫe to see
ft
e pro
ess b
esigning о r gi.mental badges and tokens. Over 60 waterсolours
painted Ьу о uсers or е est badge design сompetition. 1Vere 1e badges and multiple tokens of the Kexholm Life Gwuds Re h
iu gunent ave survtved. The at ьution of some of them 1s still disputed, suсh as an unusual Kexholm ann Ь dg hi h f th versary а е w с
does not feature а monogram о е reigtung Ernperor.
Translated i J Maria Artamonova
V aleria N ezgovorova
ТНЕ AUТНORSHIP OF rnв MONUМENT то ТНЕ DEEDS
OF ТНЕ LIFE GUARDS СОМВАТ ENGINEER BAТГALION.
AN UNКNOWN SКЕТСН ВУ ANDREY STAсКENSсНNEIDER
The artiсle ptesents the unknown faсts of the сreation of the famous symbol of the Sapper
Life Guards the monument to the Deeds of the Life Guards сombat Engineer Battalion. Until
reсently the author of the monument has been сonsidered unknown. It was сonstruсted Ьу the
ordet of Emperor Niсholas I in 1853 and originally plaсed in the Peterhoff sappers summer
сamp. In 1899 it was moved to St Petersburg and put up near the battalion сhurсh of SS сosmas
and Damian. The Museum of Мilitary Нistory of Artillery, Engineering and Signal Troops keeps
the sketсh for the monument Ьу Andrey Staсkensсhneider 1802 1865 а сourt arсhiteсt and
Professor of the Imperial Aсademy of Fine Arts. In aссordanсe with arсhival doсuments modifiсations and additions to the design were made Ьу Emperor Niсholas 1
Translated i J Mario Artamonova
Valentin Kondyurin
DESIGN OF DISTINсТION AND RANK SIGNS IN SVERDLOVSK REGION
Тhе artiсle сovers the history of the system of distinсtion and rank signs in Sverdlovsk Region.
Тhе region is known for its faithful adherenсe to the methodologiсal reсonunendations of
the
Heraldiс сounсil of the President of the Russian Federation. The region has а Symbols сomnuttee
whiсh сar.ries out а lot of eduсational projeсts for muniсipal representative bodies, gives them сomprehensive support and undertakes mandatory preliminary audits of all new awards.
Translated l J Maria Artamonova 163
SUММЛRШS
Evgeny Drogov
PROBLEMS IN ТНЕ DEVELOPМENT OF AWARD SYSТEMS АТ REGIONAL
AND МUNIсIPAL LEVELS сASE STUDY OF КIROV REGION
The сle is а сase tudy of Кiro Region w
ith regard to the
dev opment of tЬ.е r 0
and muruсipal awards system from design to offiсial approval a.nd tnсlus 1on in the Stat H
egi nal d 1th e eraJdiс Register of the Russ 1an Fe erat юn. t proves at 1t 1s neсessary to involve heralA d
d th gu 1a fr k la а 1У an awai ds
experts an to unprove е re tory amewor re ting to muniс 1p and regional awards.
Translated Maria Artamonova
Gerta Belova
сНARAсТERISTIсS OF ТНЕ LEGAL INSТIТUТIONALISAТION OF МUNIсIPAL
ENTITIES OFFIсIAL INSIGNIA 1N ТНЕ сHUVASH REPUВLIс
The arti e disсloses why the proсess of institutionalisati
n of m
ipal insignia is getting
more сompliсated at the сщrent stage, and offers а meсhanism of 10stttutionalising the сoats
of arms of pubtiс and legal entities, whiсh сonsists of two interrelated stages, namely legalisation
and legitimisation
of the of6 atttibute. Spe emphasis is plaсed on сoining the term legiti 111aсy of arms with а suggestton th t eaсh offiсial symbol must have а state registration.
The artiсle disсusses the speсifiс and general tendenсies in the legal institutionalisation
of сhuvashia s muniсipal insignia at the сurrent stage it сlassi.6es the republiс s muniсipal arms
based on the legitimaсy prinсiple it summarises the outсomes of the сoats of arms legitimisation
proсess, unсovers the proЫems of muniсipal anns design and points towards solutions сomplianсe
with heraldiс rules and modern legislation when designing insignia. Modern heraldry requires the
symboliс desjgnation of а muniсipal entity to Ье сleany defined Ьу regulations. Legitimaсy is а most
important сomponent of а modern сoat of arms of а muniсipal entity, whiсh makes it possiЬle
to perform legal funсtions effeсtively in order to designate the jurisdiсti.on of the loсal authorities.
When сharaсterising the сurrent state of сhuvash heraldry, one may note that the empiriсal aspeсt of the sсienсe is evolvшg towards the theoretiсal on roarked Ьу а sсholady, analytiсal сhataсtei
of regional and muniсipal insignia. In the praсtiсal dimension, а new ttend in сhuvash aпns design
is linked with tЬе name of the heraldiс artist Vadim Shipunov, who was аЫе to estaЫish а truly
sсienti.6с ttend in the development of сhuvash muniсipal heraldry and aeate over а hundred legit imate offiсial symbols for muniсipal urban, regiona 1rural entities in the RepuЬliс of сhuvashia.
The author is сonvinсed that the loсal expсrienсe of сhuvashia in studying the proсess of leg al
institutionalisation of muniсipal entities offiсial insignia is important for developing the theoretiсal
and legal provisions of modem Russian heraldry.
Translated l J Мапа Artamotюf l
Gleb Кalashnikov
ПIЕ МAGIс OF ТНЕ СОМРLЕХ TOWARDS AN ANALYSI S
OF SТRUсI 1JRES OF MODERN RUSSIAN МUNIсIPAL ARМS
Тhе artiсle analyses the diversity of modem muniсipal сoats of anns wblсli are 1о а 11у designtt 1
without professional parti.сipati.on. As а result, а сonfliсt ari.ses Ьet wee n the p.rofe sioвal espett, 1164
SUММЛR.Iвs J 100jpjot ts щfiuenсed Ъу the symboliс сulture of the Soviet period th ta f е s te сoat о arms
lf oSSR. urЬan pseudo arms of the 1960s 1980s an exсessiv l
tЬе 1f 1е у senous attttude to arms
of tl сe а great Ш.L Q. 0 сотр ех, infonnattonally nсh but in р. expressive сoats of arms.
Translated 11Мaria Artamonova
llya Emelin
тf В вEAVER WНEN DID А RODENТ АРРЕЛR ON ТНЕ IRКUТSK СОАТ
OF ЛRМS fhe artiсle dispels the popular historiographiс notion that Baron Koehne is to Ыаmе for the арсе of the Ьeaver on the lrkuts сoat of arms. explores the first appearanсe of the beaver J kutsk insig a and also establishes whether а tiger or а snow leopard had origiruilly featured
oJ 1nteenth сentury Irkutsk seals dubbed а ЬаЬr, Ъeaver
o
J 1s y
Translated Maria Artamonova
Anton сhistyakov
МYГНOLOGIсAL сНARAсГERS IN LOсAL КОМ
AND UDМURT НERALDRY
Тhе artiсle analyses the modem сoats of arms of two neighbouring regions with predominandy
Finno Ugriс population, whose сreators have сhosen to rely on mythologiсal imagery. The sourсes
for this group of сoats of arms сonsist of arсhaeologiсal artefaсts, traditional patterns and ethnographiс desсriptions. The
сoats of arm appr ed Ьу of сial doсuments at the regional and muniсial Ievel do not simply remterpret ethniс tradittons but mtroduсe new myths and сreate favouraЫe ondirions for their dissemination.
Tran.rlated F J Maria Artamonova
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
Г В. 8и.л 1m6ахоо
О геральдике 5
Л. 11Черных
Диффа. fация герба в Средние века 6
д С Рыжова
А плийские гербовники XIII века как колыбель французского блазона 14
КЛ. Елохин
Инкские флаnr времен Конкисrы
19
В. В. Мурзин Гундоров
Герб дворянской ветви рода Бес rу,кевых Рюминых в некрополе
Воскресенского Ново Иерусалимского монастыря 27
А. В. Лобанов
Два rерба из подклета Большого собора Донского монастыря 32
С В. Белецкий
Геральдические подвески Древней Руси X XI веков изображения, rрупnировка, хронология 35
А. Н. Копелев
Аллегорические изображения Петра Великого как компонент имперской
мифолоrии образ Неmуна 46
Л. И. Ао6ровольскал
Памятники геральдики из особняка Паскевичей is собрании Отд ла
нумизматики Государственного Эрмитажа 60
Е. Н. Метелкш,
Геральдика на почтовых марках РСФСР и СССР 19 18 194 175
Е. Л. Манжурин
Имперское в советском российская имперская геральдика в гербах
и эмблемах городов СССР 1960 1980 е 80
Т Н. Ильина
Полковые знаки и жетоны из собрания Военно исгорического музея
артиллерии, инже нерных войск и войск связи 85 166
сONTENTS
GfQf J Vi inbokhov
о t. 1eraldry
v J l
4 1exander Tсhentik
pefamation of сoats of Arms in the Мiddle Ages
Daria Ryzhova
Et 1glish Thirteenth сentur y Rolls of Arms, сradle of Frenсh Blazon
Юrill Elokhin
F a
g
s of the Inсas in the Time of сonquista
Viktor Mигzin Gиndorov
Тhе сoat of Arms of the Bestuzhev Ryumin Family Aristoсratiс Branсh
in the Neсropolis of the New Jerusalem Resurreсtion Monastery
Dmit,y Lobanov
Two сoats of Arms from the Basement of thс Donskoy Monastery Great сathedral
Sergey Belet g
Anсient Russian Herald.iс Pendants of the 10th 11th сenturies
Qmages, сlassifiсation, сhronology
Dmilry Кopelev
A.llegoriсal Images of Peter the Great as сomponent of lmperial Mythology
5
6 14 19
27
32
35
Image of Neptune 46
L dia Dobrorюlsk Ya
Herald.iс Items from the Paskeviсh House in the сolleссion of the State Hermitage
Nwnismaсiс Department 60
Evge Melelkin
Heraldry on RSFSR and USSR Postal Stamps 19 18 194 1 75
Evge Y Manzhигin
The Imperial in the Soviet Herald.iс Heritage of the Russian Empire
in Soviet сity Symbols 1960s 1980s 80
Taliana 1yina
Regimental Badges and Tokens from the Museum of Мilitary Нistory of Artillery,
Engineering and Signal Troops сolleсtions 85 167
СОЛЕl ЖЛ 111Е
В. В. 1е. оеором
06 авторС Пlе 11а 1ЯТНш, а По. Внгам Лсiiб Гварди 11Саперного бат
альона
непзвестnыii р 11сувок Л. И. Штакеншнейдера
В. К Коноюрин
Разрэбоn а знаков 0 1л.пчия и различия в Свердловской области
Е М.Лроzое
Проблс 1ьr фор 1ирования наградных систем регионального 11муницппального уровней на примере Кировской области
Г В. Белова
Особенности юридической институализации официальных символов 1униuипальных образований Чувашской Республики
Г. В. Ко.лошнu.r О8
Магия сложного к анализу структур современных российских гербов
И. Б. Емелин
Бобр когда rрызун появился на гербе Иркуrска
А Ю. Чистяков
Мифолоrические сюжеты в территориальной rеральдике Коми
99 108 113 117 136 145
и Удмуртии 15l
Summaries 160
сONTЬ NTS r,Je г.f OVOГ t
w u
tЬorshi of the Monument to the Deeds of the Lif е Guards сombat ginee
r Battalion. An Unknown Sketсh Ьу Andrey Staсkсnsсhneider 99
k 1111J ondyutin
И 1п f Disсinсtion and Rank Signs in Sverdlovsk Reo ion 108 pesigrt о ь vf t 1J pгogov 1rns in the Development of Award Systems at Regional and Muniсipal Levels prob е St
udy of Кirov Regюn 113 сase
Gerla Belova
с 1iaraсte.risсiсs of the egal Insututюnalisatюn of Muniсipal Enti.ties Qffiсial lnsigni.a
ia tЬе сbuvash Republiс 117
Gleb f.p ashnikov
ТЬе Magiс of the сomplex Towards an Analysis of Struсtures of Modern
Russ
ian Muniсipal Arms 136 уа melin
Тhе Beaver When d.id а Rodent Лрреаr on the Irkutsk сoat of Arms 145
J n сhisfyakov
мythologiсal сharaсters in Loсal Komi and Udmшt Heraldry 15 1
surnrnanes 160
Научное издание
Труды Государственного Эрмитажа
LXXXIV
ГЕРАЛЬДИКА
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И ПРАКТИКА
Материалы научной конференции 19 20 февраля 20 16 года
Редактор А. А. Золотова
Корректор В. В. Крайнева
Перевод на английский язык М.А. Артамонова и авторы
Редактор английского текста Ю. Р. Редькина
Компьютерная верстка Н. К Соколова
Обработка иллюстраций В. В. 4емяшев
Подписано в печать 10.02.20 17. Формат издания 60х84 1s
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